% Lettres calligraphiees
\newcommand{\ca}{\mathcal{A}}
\newcommand{\cb}{\mathcal{B}}
\newcommand{\cc}{\mathcal{C}}
\newcommand{\cd}{\mathcal{D}}
\newcommand{\ce}{\mathcal{E}}
\newcommand{\cf}{\mathcal{F}}
\newcommand{\cg}{\mathcal{G}}
\newcommand{\ch}{\mathcal{H}}
\newcommand{\ci}{\mathcal{I}}
\newcommand{\cj}{\mathcal{J}}
\newcommand{\ck}{\mathcal{K}}
\newcommand{\cl}{\mathcal{L}}
\newcommand{\cm}{\mathcal{M}}
\newcommand{\cn}{\mathcal{N}}
\newcommand{\co}{\mathcal{O}}
\newcommand{\cp}{\mathcal{P}}
\newcommand{\cq}{\mathcal{Q}}
\newcommand{\calr}{\mathcal{R}}
\newcommand{\cs}{\mathcal{S}}
\newcommand{\ct}{\mathcal{T}}
\newcommand{\cu}{\mathcal{U}}
\newcommand{\cv}{\mathcal{V}}
\newcommand{\cw}{\mathcal{W}}
\newcommand{\cx}{\mathcal{X}}
\newcommand{\cy}{\mathcal{Y}}
\newcommand{\cz}{\mathcal{Z}}

% Lettres doublees
\newcommand{\A}{\mathbb{A}}
\newcommand{\B}{\mathbb{B}}
\newcommand{\C}{\mathbb{C}}
\newcommand{\DD}{\mathbb{D}}
\newcommand{\E}{\mathbb{E}}
\newcommand{\FF}{\mathbb{F}}
\newcommand{\GG}{\mathbb{G}}
\newcommand{\J}{\mathbb{J}}
\newcommand{\K}{\mathbb{K}}
\newcommand{\M}{\mathbb{M}}
\newcommand{\N}{\mathbb{N}}
\newcommand{\Q}{\mathbb{Q}}
\newcommand{\R}{\mathbb{R}}
\newcommand{\TT}{\mathbb{T}}
\newcommand{\U}{\mathbb{U}}
\newcommand{\V}{\mathbb{V}}
\newcommand{\W}{\mathbb{W}}
\newcommand{\X}{\mathbb{X}}
\newcommand{\Y}{\mathbb{Y}}
\newcommand{\Z}{\mathbb{Z}}

%Lettres Greques
\let\a=\alpha
\let\b=\beta
\let\d=\delta
\let\e=\epsilon
\let\ve=\varepsilon
\let\f=\phi
\let\vf=\varphi
\let\g=\gamma
\let\ve=\varepsilon
\let\l=\lambda
\let\p=\psi
\let\n=\eta
\let\r=\rho
\let\t=\theta
\let\z=\zeta
\let\D=\Delta
\let\F=\Phi
\let\G=\Gamma
\renewcommand{\L}{\Lambda}
\let\P=\Psi
\let\T=\Theta

% Macros maths
\newcommand{\1}{\,\rlap{\small 1}\kern.13em 1}
\newcommand{\la}{\langle}
\newcommand{\ra}{\rangle}
\newcommand{\sqr}[2]{{\vcenter{\hrule height.#2pt%
                      \hbox{\vrule width.#2pt height#1pt\kern#1pt%
                            \vrule width.#2pt}%
                      \hrule height.#2pt}}}
\newcommand{\cqfd}{\hfill$\mathchoice\sqr46\sqr46\sqr{1.5}2\sqr{1}2$\par}
\newcommand{\conv}{\hbox{\rm conv}}
\newcommand{\dis}{\displaystyle}
\newcommand{\dsubset}{\subset\!\subset}
\newcommand{\im}{{\ci\! m}}
\newcommand{\infp}{\mathop{\smash\inf\vphantom\sup}}
%\newcommand{\ker}{\textrm{Ker}}
\renewcommand{\limsup}{\mathop{\overline{\hbox{\rm lim}}}}
\renewcommand{\liminf}{\mathop{\underline{\hbox{\rm lim}}}}
\newcommand{\limp}{\mathop{\smash\lim\vphantom\sup}}
\newcommand{\liminfp}{\mathop{\smash\liminf\vphantom\sup}}
\newcommand{\llra}{\longleftrightarrow}
\newcommand{\Llra}{\Longleftrightarrow}
\newcommand{\lra}{\longrightarrow}
\newcommand{\Lra}{\Longrightarrow}
\newcommand{\maxp}{\mathop{\smash\max\vphantom\sup}}
\newcommand{\ov}{\overline}
\newcommand{\norm}[1]{\left\|#1\right\|}
\newcommand{\rar}{\rightarrow}
\newcommand{\Ra}{\Rightarrow}
\newcommand{\re}{{\calr\! e}}
\newcommand{\supess}{\mathop{\textrm{sup}\,\textrm{ess}}}
\newcommand{\ud}{\underline}
\newcommand{\vp}{\varphi}
\newcommand{\wh}{\widehat}
\newcommand{\wt}{\widetilde}







